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Day

2024
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October 29, 2024
Viewpoint

Parenthood and Paychecks—The Gender Pay Gap in Medicine

Kyung Mi Kim, PhD, RN; Aditya Narayan, BS; Nirav R. Shah, MD, MPH; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 29, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22123

This Viewpoint examines recent evidence on the gender pay gap in US medical professions and its relationship with motherhood (the motherhood penalty) and suggests opportunities for mitigating inequity that reflect the current health care environment, advance gender equity, and enhance medical practice.

JAMA Insights

Women's Health

Ovarian Aging and Fertility

David B. Seifer, MD; Eve C. Feinberg, MD; Albert L. Hsu, MD, MS
Abstract Full Text
has active quiz
JAMA. Published online October 29, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18207

This JAMA Insights discusses ovarian aging and provides strategies to address infertility due to ovarian aging.

October 28, 2024
Original Investigation

Inhaled Reliever Therapies for Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Daniel G. Rayner, MSc; Dario M. Ferri, MD; Gordon H. Guyatt, MD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 28, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22700

This systematic review and network meta-analysis investigates whether inhaled corticosteroids combined with either short-acting beta agonists or formoterol are more effective than short-acting beta agonists alone in reducing exacerbations and improving control in patients with asthma.

Early Intervention in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis and Myocardial Fibrosis: The EVOLVED Randomized Clinical Trial

Krithika Loganath, MD; Neil J. Craig, MD; Russell J. Everett, PhD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 28, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22730

This randomized clinical trial examines whether early valve intervention will reduce the incidence of all-cause death or unplanned aortic stenosis–related hospitalization in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis and myocardial fibrosis.

Viewpoint

Fatigue in Air Traffic Operations—Opportunities to Enhance Safety

Mark R. Rosekind, PhD; Erin E. Flynn-Evans, PhD, MPH; Charles A. Czeisler, PhD, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 28, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21057

This Viewpoint reports the findings of a 2024 independent scientific evaluation of fatigue risk in air traffic operations commissioned by the US Federal Aviation Administration.

Editorial

Myocardial Fibrosis and Timing of Intervention for Aortic Stenosis

Robert O. Bonow, MD, MS
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 28, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22853
Review

Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Review

Nimish Vakil, MD
Abstract Full Text
has active quiz has audio
JAMA. Published online October 28, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19094

This narrative review article covers current evidence regarding the diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer disease.

  • Podcast: Diagnosis and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease
Comment & Response

Primary Care–Based Chronic Kidney Disease Management

Hantong Hu, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 28, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18638

Primary Care–Based Chronic Kidney Disease Management—Reply

Jorge A. Rodriguez, MD; Chenxi Gao, MS; Lipika Samal, MD, MPH
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 28, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18641
October 25, 2024
This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights: October 19-25, 2024

Abstract Full Text
free access has audio
JAMA. Published online October 25, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.18437
  • Podcast: Declaration of Helsinki Revision, Fewer Chemotherapy Cycles for Retinoblastoma, Staffing in Dialysis Centers, and more
Original Investigation

Early, Individualized Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abinet M. Aklilu, MD, MPH; Steven Menez, MD; Megan L. Baker, MD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 25, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22718

This randomized clinical trial tested whether recommendations from a kidney action team tailored to individual patients presenting with acute kidney injury would improve clinical outcomes, kidney function, and mortality.

Medical News & Perspectives

With Nearsightedness in Children on the Rise, Experts Push for Outdoor Time, Disease Designation

Kate Schweitzer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 25, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21043

This Medical News article discusses new research on global trends in nearsightedness, possible ways to prevent and treat it, and calls to classify it as a disease.

Pertussis Cases Are Surging This Year—Here’s Why

Rita Rubin, MA
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 25, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22533

This Medical News article discusses the reasons behind the resurgence of pertussis in the US and elsewhere this year.

Medical News in Brief

HHS Will Provide Free US-Made COVID-19 Tests to Households

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 25, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21819

Study Cautions Against Mouth Taping for Patients With Sleep Apnea

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 25, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21820

AAP Issues First Opioid Prescribing Guideline for Children

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 25, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21821

Study: MMR Vaccine Protection Wanes Slightly Over Time

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 25, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21822

FDA Approves Novel Schizophrenia Drug

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 25, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21823

Study: Redlining Linked With Shorter Life Expectancy

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 25, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21824

Bright Light Therapy Not Effective for Major Depressive Disorder

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 25, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21825

Few Patients Receive Testing After Abnormal Urine Protein Results

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 25, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21826
October 24, 2024
Original Investigation

Expanded Newborn Screening Using Genome Sequencing for Early Actionable Conditions

Alban Ziegler, MD; Carrie Koval-Burt, MS, CGC; Denise M. Kay, PhD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 24, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19662

This multisite, single-group, prospective, observational study examines the feasibility and potential impact of genomic newborn screening using dried blood spots in a racially and ethnically diverse population from New York State.

A Piece of My Mind

I Spy

Trisha K. Paul, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 24, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19568

In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatric oncology fellow who weaves storytelling into her practice to help patients process their illness describes how a young boy’s mother captures his story through photography.

Editorial

The Path to Genomic Screening—Far From Simple, but the Journey Has Begun

Jonathan S. Berg, MD, PhD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 24, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21926
JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis

Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Acute Altitude Illness

Mia Derstine, MD; Elan Small, MD; Andrew M. Davis, MD, MPH
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 24, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19562

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the Wilderness Medical Society’s 2024 recommendations on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of acute altitude illness.

JAMA Revisited

The Surgery of the Heart

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 24, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.18459
JAMA Patient Page

What Is Allergic Rhinitis?

Rebecca Voelker, MSJ
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 24, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.14237

This JAMA Patient Page describes allergic rhinitis and its risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.

Comment & Response

Fecal Immunochemical Test Positivity Threshold vs Multitarget Genetic Stool Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening

Fan Yang, MD; Dan Ma, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 24, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18535

Fecal Immunochemical Test Positivity Threshold vs Multitarget Genetic Stool Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening—Reply

Hermann Brenner, MD, MPH; Teresa Seum, MSc; Michael Hoffmeister, PhD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 24, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18538
Correction

Revisions to List of Nonauthor Collaborators

Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 24, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21794
October 23, 2024
Original Investigation

Dialysis Facility Staffing Ratios and Kidney Transplant Access Among Adolescents and Young Adults

Alexandra C. Bicki, MD, MPH; Barbara Grimes, PhD; Charles E. McCulloch, PhD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 23, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18210

This cohort study aims to determine whether patient to nurse or patient to social worker staff ratios are associated with access to kidney transplant for adolescents and young adults.

Research Letter

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and SGLT2 Inhibitor Prescribing in People With Type 1 Diabetes

Piaopiao Li, MS; Zhiyan Li, MPH; Elizabeth Staton, BA; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 23, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18581

This pooled cross-sectional study explores prescribing rates for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors among US patients with type 1 diabetes.

JAMA Insights

Prevention of Anal Cancer in High-Risk Individuals

Joel M. Palefsky, MD, CM
Abstract Full Text
has active quiz
JAMA. Published online October 23, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17870

This JAMA Insights examines the treatment and rising prevalence of anal cancer in the US in high-risk groups, including people with HIV and immunosuppression associated with solid organ transplant.

Poetry and Medicine

The Diagnosis

Edward John Gaudet
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 23, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.14691
October 21, 2024
Original Investigation

Three vs 6 Cycles of Chemotherapy for High-Risk Retinoblastoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Huijing Ye, MD, PhD; Kang Xue, MD; Ping Zhang, MD, PhD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19981

This randomized clinical trial examines whether 3 cycles of carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine chemotherapy is noninferior to 6 cycles for enucleated unilateral retinoblastoma with high-risk pathological features.

Research Letter

Early Adoption of Expanded Gender Options in National Provider Identifiers

Jae Corman, PhD; Julia Przedworski, PhD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18571

This study examines the prevalence and characteristics of US clinicians who registered for a National Provider Identifier and selected expanded gender options after these new options became available in April 2024.

Special Communication

Health and the 2024 US Election

Strategies to Help Patients Navigate High Prescription Drug Costs

Hussain S. Lalani, MD, MPH, MSc; Catherine S. Hwang, MD, MSPH; Aaron S. Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH; et al.
Abstract Full Text
has active quiz has audio
JAMA. Published online October 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17275

This article describes strategies that clinical teams can use to help patients afford prescription drugs and proposes an algorithm to help identify which strategies may be most helpful based on insurance status and type of drug.

  • Podcast: Strategies for Helping Patients Navigate High Prescription Drug Costs
Viewpoint

Advanced Birth Centers and the Effect on Maternity Care

Stella Marie Dantas, MD; Cole Douglas Greves, MD, MBA
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20539

This Viewpoint discusses advanced birth centers and their effect on maternity care.

  • Podcast: Advanced Birth Centers Raise Safety Concerns for Obstetric Care
Editorial

Health and the 2024 US Election

Health and the 2024 US Election

Linda Brubaker, MD; Gregory Curfman, MD; Joseph S. Ross, MD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21511

Meeting the Unmet Needs in Rare Cancer: Advancing Treatment Options for Retinoblastoma and Beyond

Ning Li, MD; Shuhang Wang, MD; Guo Zhao, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21396
JAMA Patient Page

Strategies to Help Patients Afford Their Medicines in the US

Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS
Abstract Full Text
free access has audio
JAMA. Published online October 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21143

This JAMA Patient Page outlines 7 strategies that patients can use to respond to high prescription drug costs in the US.

  • Podcast: Strategies for Helping Patients Navigate High Prescription Drug Costs
Comment & Response

Management of Depression

Anders Jorgensen, MD, PhD; Charles Kellner, MD; Martin Balslev Jorgensen, MD, DMSci
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18402

Management of Depression

S. Shalom Feinberg, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18393

Management of Depression

Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, MD, PhD; Sigfried Kasper, MD; Pedro Morgado, MD, PhD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18399

Management of Depression

Toshi A. Furukawa, MD, PhD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18396

Management of Depression—Reply

Gregory Simon, MD, MPH; Nathalie Moise, MD, MS; David C. Mohr, PhD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 21, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18405
October 19, 2024
Special Communication

World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants

World Medical Association
Abstract Full Text
free access has audio
JAMA. Published online October 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21972

This JAMA Special Communication presents the 2024 revision of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki, a set of principles to guide the ethical treatment of participants in medical research.

  • Podcast: Declaration of Helsinki Addresses New Ethical Challenges

Integrating Clinical Trials and Practice

Making the Ethical Oversight of All Clinical Trials Fit for Purpose

Nancy E. Kass, ScD; Ruth R. Faden, PhD, MPH; Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH; et al.
Abstract Full Text
free access has active quiz has audio
JAMA. Published online October 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0269

This Special Communication examines ethical oversight of clinical research in the US and offers practical recommendations that are consistent with current regulations and that could help to make research oversight better fit for purpose for different types of studies.

  • Podcast: Declaration of Helsinki Addresses New Ethical Challenges
Viewpoint

Revisions to the Declaration of Helsinki on Its 60th Anniversary: A Modernized Set of Ethical Principles to Promote and Ensure Respect for Participants in a Rapidly Innovating Medical Research Ecosystem

Jack S. Resneck Jr, MD
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21902

This Viewpoint discusses the 2024 revisions made to the Declaration of Helsinki as it continues to work toward ensuring research is subject to ethical standards that promote respect for all human participants and protect their rights and interests.

  • Podcast: Declaration of Helsinki Addresses New Ethical Challenges

Declaration of Helsinki—Revisions for the 21st Century

Barbara E. Bierer, MD
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22281

This Viewpoint discusses significant revisions in the Declaration of Helsinki in response to changing ethical norms and technologies.

  • Podcast: Declaration of Helsinki Addresses New Ethical Challenges

Future-Proofing Research Ethics—Key Revisions of the Declaration of Helsinki 2024

Andreas Alois Reis, MD, MSc; Ross Upshur, MA, MD, MSc; Keymanthri Moodley, MBChB, MMed (Fam Med), MPhil, MBA, DPhil
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22254

This Viewpoint discusses key revisions of the Declaration of Helsinki 2024 in the context of internationally accepted ethical guidance for human research.

  • Podcast: Declaration of Helsinki Addresses New Ethical Challenges

Revisiting the Declaration of Helsinki—A Patient-Centered Perspective

Lara Bloom, BA(Hons)
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22077

This Viewpoint contextualizes the history of the Declaration of Helsinki, analyzes the implications of its latest revision, and emphasizes the need for patient-centricity in research ethics.

  • Podcast: Declaration of Helsinki Addresses New Ethical Challenges

The Revision of the Declaration of Helsinki Viewed From the Americas—Paving the Way to Better Research

Carla Saenz, PhD; Sarah Carracedo, MBE
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22270

This Viewpoint explores the 2024 update to the Declaration of Helsinki from the perspective of the Americas and how countries in this region can implement the Declaration’s guidance to ethically govern scientific health research.

  • Podcast: Declaration of Helsinki Addresses New Ethical Challenges

AI in Medicine

The Revised Declaration of Helsinki—Considerations for the Future of Artificial Intelligence in Health and Medical Research

James A. Shaw, PT, PhD
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22074

This Viewpoint summarizes recent updates to the Declaration of Helsinki, discusses its relevance in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) in health research, and highlights issues that could affect its future implementation as the use of AI in research increases.

  • Podcast: Declaration of Helsinki Addresses New Ethical Challenges
Editorial

Facilitating Efficient and Ethical Trials at the Intersection of Research and Clinical Care

Holly Fernandez Lynch, JD, MBE; Daniel B. Kramer, MD, MPH
Abstract Full Text
free access has audio
JAMA. Published online October 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22126
  • Podcast: Declaration of Helsinki Addresses New Ethical Challenges
Editor's Note

The 2024 Revision to the Declaration of Helsinki: Modern Ethics for Medical Research

Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS; Linda Brubaker, MD, MS; Greg Curfman, MD
Abstract Full Text
free access has audio
JAMA. Published online October 19, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22530
  • Podcast: Declaration of Helsinki Addresses New Ethical Challenges
October 18, 2024
This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights: October 12-18, 2024

Abstract Full Text
free access has audio
JAMA. Published online October 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.18430
  • Podcast: Testing and Regulation of AI in Health Care, Medication for OUD, Mpox Review, and more
Medical News & Perspectives

AI in Medicine

How Health and Technology Sectors Can Collaborate on Better AI-Assisted Wearables

Roy Perlis, MD, MSc
Abstract Full Text
free access has audio
JAMA. Published online October 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21212

This Medical News story is an interview with Tanzeem Choudhury, PhD, the chair in Integrated Health and Technology at Cornell Tech, about key lessons from the early development of wearable technology and how AI stands to continue innovations.

  • Podcast: Getting Technology Into the Clinic

Researchers Are Exploring the Role of Shingles—and a Protective Role of Shingles Vaccine—in Dementia

Rita Rubin, MA
Abstract Full Text
free access has audio
JAMA. Published online October 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0227

This Medical News article discusses the latest research linking shingles and other infections to a higher risk of dementia and the vaccines against them to a lower risk.

  • Podcast: October 2024 Medical News Summary
Medical News in Brief

CDC Recommends Mpox Vaccine for Travelers to Central and Eastern Africa

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21298

FDA Greenlights Nasal Spray Flu Vaccine for Use at Home

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21299

HHS Invests $75 Million in Health Care Services in Rural Communities

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21300

Triptans Outperform Newer Migraine Drugs, Meta-Analysis Finds

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21301

Study: Home Blood Pressure Monitor Cuffs May Not Fit 18 Million US Adults

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21302

Stroke Deaths and Burden Increased Around the World From 1990 to 2021

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21303

Football Players With Perceived CTE Report More Suicidal Thoughts

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21304

Study: Renewing the US Assault Weapons Ban Could Have Prevented Many Mass Shootings

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 18, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21305
October 17, 2024
Original Investigation

Buprenorphine/Naloxone vs Methadone for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder

Bohdan Nosyk, PhD; Jeong Eun Min, MSc; Fahmida Homayra, MSc; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 17, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.16954

This population-based retrospective cohort study uses linked health administrative databases to assess the risk of treatment discontinuation and mortality among adults in British Columbia, Canada, receiving buprenorphine/naloxone vs methadone for the treatment of opioid use disorder.

Research Letter

Effect of Electric Fans on Body Core Temperature in Older Adults Exposed to Extreme Indoor Heat

Fergus K. O’Connor, PhD; Robert D. Meade, PhD, MPH; Katie E. Wagar, BHKRC; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 17, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19457

This study assessed whether electric fans limit core temperature increases in adults aged 65 to 85 years exposed to conditions similar to those experienced in homes during heat waves in North America.

Viewpoint

Health and the 2024 US Election

Methadone’s Moment

Michael A. Incze, MD, MSEd; Caty Simon; Leslie W. Suen, MD, MAS
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 17, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19914

This work discusses unfettering methadone from outdated regulations to empower patients to access treatment and advocate for methadone's expansion in their local communities by working with pharmacies and local health systems.

A Piece of My Mind

When One Day Becomes Today

Joseph A. Pettus, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 17, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19091

After he learned that his congenital bicuspid aortic valve needed replacement, a urologic oncologist describes, in this narrative medicine essay, the pain and helplessness he felt while recovering from surgery.

JAMA Revisited

Aging and Chronic Illness

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 17, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.18452
Comment & Response

Review of Chronic Pruritus

Chaker Ben Salem, MD; Nadia Ghariani, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 17, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17978

Review of Chronic Pruritus—Reply

Gil Yosipovitch, MD; Daniel Butler, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 17, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17981
October 16, 2024
Research Letter

Breast Cancer in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems

Lina Steinrud Mørch, MSc, PhD; Amani Meaidi, MD, PhD; Giulia Corn, MSc, PhD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 16, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18575

This study uses data from nationwide Danish registries to assesses breast cancer risk with continuous use of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems, accounting for other hormonal exposures.

Viewpoint

AI in Medicine

FTC Regulation of AI-Generated Medical Disinformation

Claudia E. Haupt, PhD, JSD; Mason Marks, MD, JD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 16, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19971

This Viewpoint discusses the need to address all forms of AI-generated medical disinformation, regardless of whether it involves impersonating real or fictional professionals, medical societies, or research institutions, and the part that the Federal Trade Commission can play in achieving that goal.

Health and the 2024 US Election

Helping Dual-Eligible Individuals Navigate Medicare and Medicaid

Kenton J. Johnston, PhD; Eric T. Roberts, PhD; Jose F. Figueroa, MD, MPH
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 16, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20355

This Viewpoint discusses helping dual-eligible beneficiaries navigate Medicare and Medicaid coverage options.

JAMA Insights

Antibiotics for Pediatric Acute Bacterial Sinusitis

Kathleen Chiotos, MD, MSCE; Jeffrey S. Gerber, MD, PhD
Abstract Full Text
has active quiz
JAMA. Published online October 16, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.2018

This JAMA Insights examines antibiotic selection for the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in US pediatric patients, specifically amoxicillin vs amoxicillin-clavulanate.

Editor's Note

Poetry, Again, Confronts Death

Rafael Campo, MD, MA
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 16, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.14742
Poetry and Medicine

Again

Kathleen Brodowski, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 16, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.14573
October 15, 2024
Original Investigation

AI in Medicine

Testing and Evaluation of Health Care Applications of Large Language Models: A Systematic Review

Suhana Bedi, BA; Yutong Liu, MA; Lucy Orr-Ewing, BA; et al.
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 15, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21700

This systematic review characterizes the current performance of large language models in evaluating clinical health care settings, including uniformity, thoroughness, and robustness and proposes a framework for their testing and evaluation across health care applications.

Research Letter

HLA-DRB1*01:03 and Severe Ulcerative Colitis

Marie Vibeke Vestergaard, MSc; Anne Krogh Nøhr, PhD; Kristine Højgaard Allin, MD, PhD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 15, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20429

This Danish nationwide genome-wide association study aims to identify biomarkers of severe vs less severe ulcerative colitis.

Special Communication

AI in Medicine

FDA Perspective on the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care and Biomedicine

Haider J. Warraich, MD; Troy Tazbaz, BS; Robert M. Califf, MD
Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. Published online October 15, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21451

This Special Communication examines advances in the use of artificial intelligence in health care and biomedicine and how regulatory entities like the US Food and Drug Administration must evaluate how artificial intelligence operates within these sectors to develop appropriate regulatory frameworks.

Viewpoint

AI in Medicine

Translating AI for the Clinician

Manesh R. Patel, MD; Suresh Balu, MS, MBA; Michael J. Pencina, PhD
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 15, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21772

This Viewpoint explores how artificial intelligence technologies can adopt a clinical practice framework to identify use cases and outline the technology’s objectives and potential uses in modern health care.

October 14, 2024
Research Letter

Health and the 2024 US Election

Information About Sexual and Gender Minority Services and Policies on US Hospital Websites

Sahil Sandhu, MSc; Michael Liu, MPhil; King Fok, MD, MSc; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 14, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18345

This cross-sectional study assesses the extent to which hospitals provide information related to sexual and gender minority policies and health services on their websites.

Trends in Oral and Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Prescriptions in the US, 2013-2023

Laura M. Mann, PhD, MPH; Weiming Zhu, MD, PhD; Ya-Lin A. Huang, PhD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 14, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21493

This study examines the prescribing trends of 3 oral preexposure prophylaxis medications and a long-acting injectable option from 2013 to 2023.

Review

Mpox Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Strategies: A Review

Boghuma K. Titanji, MD; Aniruddha Hazra, MD; Jason Zucker, MD, MS
Abstract Full Text
free access has active quiz
JAMA. Published online October 14, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21091

This review examines the epidemiology, transmission, clinical presentation, assessment and diagnosis, prognosis, management and treatment, and prevention of mpox.

JAMA Insights

Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV

Matthew A. Spinelli, MD; Kenneth Ngure, MPH, PhD; Monica Gandhi, MD, MPH
Abstract Full Text
has active quiz has audio
JAMA. Published online October 14, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.16984

This JAMA Insights discusses the expanding PrEP options for preventing HIV, including the considerations for initiation and follow-up and implementation challenges of these medications.

  • Podcast: Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Options for HIV
JAMA Patient Page

What Is Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis?

Danica Rockney, MD; Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ
Abstract Full Text
free access has audio
JAMA. Published online October 14, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18016

This JAMA Patient Page describes doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP), a medication prescribed to prevent certain sexually transmitted bacterial infections in people at increased risk.

  • Podcast: Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Options for HIV
Comment & Response

Approach to Hospital Preparedness for Acute Surge Events Due to Emerging Infectious Diseases

George L. Anesi, MD, MSCE
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 14, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17700

Approach to Hospital Preparedness for Acute Surge Events Due to Emerging Infectious Diseases—Reply

Rahi Abouk, PhD; David Powell, PhD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 14, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17703
October 11, 2024
This Week in JAMA

Audio Highlights: October 5-11, 2024

Abstract Full Text
free access has audio
JAMA. Published online October 11, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.18423
  • Podcast: Transfusion Thresholds in Acute Brain Injury, Electronic Flu Vaccine Nudges, a New OTC Daily Contraceptive, and more
Original Investigation

Electronic Nudges to Increase Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Diseases: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Niklas Dyrby Johansen, MD, PhD; Muthiah Vaduganathan, MD, MPH; Ankeet S. Bhatt, MD, MBA, ScM; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 11, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21060

This randomized clinical trial evaluates whether behaviorally informed electronically delivered letter-based nudges could increase influenza vaccination among adults with chronic diseases.

Medical News & Perspectives

Quick Uptakes

Bird Flu Is Primarily Transmitted Among Dairy Cattle Through Milking, Study Suggests

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 11, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21042

This Medical News article discusses a recent study of H5N1 avian influenza transmission in dairy cows.

Medical News in Brief

Weekly Insulin May Be as Effective as Once Daily for Type 2 Diabetes

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 11, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20116

More Than Half of US Adults With Uncontrolled Hypertension Don’t Know They Have It

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 11, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20117

Review: Treatment Options for GSM Have “Modest” Effect on Symptoms

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 11, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20118

Opt-Out Syphilis Screening in EDs Could Substantially Expand Case Detection

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 11, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20119

Study: Single Dose of Modified Smallpox Vaccine Effective for Mpox

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 11, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20120

WHO: Cholera Cases Increased in 2023

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 11, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20121

Fewer US Students Vaping, but Nicotine Pouch Use Stays Flat

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 11, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20122

Recalled Cardiovascular Devices Rarely Undergo Sufficient Testing

Samantha Anderer
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 11, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20123
October 10, 2024
Research Letter

Payments by Drug and Medical Device Manufacturers to US Peer Reviewers of Major Medical Journals

David-Dan Nguyen, MDCM, MPH; Anju Muramaya; Anna-Lisa Nguyen, BHSc; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 10, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17681

This study characterizes payments by drug and medical device manufacturers to US peer reviewers of major medical journals.

Viewpoint

AI in Medicine

Disability Rights to Accessible Virtual Health Care

Jessica L. Roberts, JD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 10, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.16528

This Viewpoint discusses the new federal regulations that require health care institutions to develop virtual care technologies that are accessible to patients with disabilities.

A Piece of My Mind

So Visibly a Mother

Emily Pinto Taylor, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 10, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17993

In this narrative medicine essay, an internal medicine physician reflects on her intentional and visible efforts to model for young physicians the balance between career and parenthood.

JAMA Revisited

Role of the Pathologist in Diagnosis

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 10, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.18445
JAMA Patient Page

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome

Maria Isabel Angulo, MD
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 10, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.9716

This JAMA Patient Page describes cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, a gastrointestinal condition associated with frequent and long-term use of cannabis.

October 9, 2024
Original Investigation

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Patients With Acute Brain Injury: The TRAIN Randomized Clinical Trial

Fabio Silvio Taccone, MD, PhD; Carla Rynkowski Bittencourt, MD, PhD; Kirsten Møller, MD, PhD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
has active quiz has audio
JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20424

This randomized clinical trial assesses the effect of a liberal vs a restrictive hemoglobin threshold for red blood cell transfusion on unfavorable neurological outcome in patients with acute brain injury.

  • Podcast: JAMA Critical Care Research at ESICM Congress 2024

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Effect of Tele-ICU on Clinical Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients: The TELESCOPE Randomized Clinical Trial

Adriano J. Pereira, MD, PhD; Danilo T. Noritomi, MD, PhD; Maura Cristina dos Santos, RN; et al.
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20651

This parallel cluster randomized clinical trial examines the effect of daily multidisciplinary rounds conducted via telemedicine by a board-certified intensivist on length of stay in the intensive care unit in critically ill adult patients in Brazil.

  • Podcast: JAMA Critical Care Research at ESICM Congress 2024

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Extracorporeal Blood Purification and Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery: The SIRAKI02 Randomized Clinical Trial

Xosé Pérez-Fernández, PhD; Arnau Ulsamer, PhD; María Cámara-Rosell, PhD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20630

This randomized clinical trial examines whether the use of an extracorporeal blood purification device in a nonemergent cardiac surgery population reduces cardiac surgery associated–acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass.

  • Podcast: JAMA Critical Care Research at ESICM Congress 2024

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Techniques: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Karen E. A. Burns, MD, MSc; Jessica Wong, MD, MPH; Leena Rizvi, BSc; et al.
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20631

This randomized clinical trial compares the effects of screening frequency (once-daily vs more frequent screening) and spontaneous breathing trial techniques (pressure-supported vs T-piece spontaneous breathing trial) on the time to successful extubation among critically ill adults who required invasive mechanical ventilation.

  • Podcast: JAMA Critical Care Research at ESICM Congress 2024
Editorial

Shifting Balance of the Risk-Benefit of Restrictive Transfusion Strategies in Neurocritically Ill Patients—Is Less Still More?

Alexis F. Turgeon, MD, MSc; François Lauzier, MD, MSc
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20416
  • Podcast: JAMA Critical Care Research at ESICM Congress 2024

Evaluating Complex Technological Innovations in Critical Care—Current Challenges and Future Directions

Kelly C. Vranas, MD, MCR; Jeremy M. Kahn, MD, MS
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19854
  • Podcast: JAMA Critical Care Research at ESICM Congress 2024

Impact of Adsorptive Blood Purification on Kidney Outcomes

Yuenting Diana Kwong, MD, MAS; Kathleen D. Liu, MD, PhD, MAS
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20928
  • Podcast: JAMA Critical Care Research at ESICM Congress 2024

Ventilator Weaning Strategies—Managing Interaction Between Randomized Treatments

Steven A. Webb, MPH, PhD; Lindsay R. Berry, PhD; Ary Serpa Neto, MD, MSc, PhD
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19853
  • Podcast: JAMA Critical Care Research at ESICM Congress 2024
JAMA Insights

Women's Health

Over-the-Counter Oral Contraceptives

Daniel Grossman, MD; Elizabeth T. Kinsey, MD
Abstract Full Text
has active quiz has audio
JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.16474

This JAMA Insights discusses the first over-the-counter progestin-only oral contraceptive available in the US, including its effectiveness, mechanism of action, and accessibility.

  • Podcast: Update on Over-the-Counter (OTC) Contraception
Poetry and Medicine

Glorified

Donna Pucciani
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.13678
Comment & Response

Lifestyle Interventions for Obesity

Catherine L. Davis, PhD; Kate Lorig, DrPH
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17533

Lifestyle Interventions for Obesity—Reply

Jamy D. Ard, MD; Kristina H. Lewis, MD; Justin B. Moore, PhD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 9, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17536
October 8, 2024
Editorial

AI in Medicine

Hello, World—Introducing JAMA+ AI

Roy H. Perlis, MD, MSc; Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS
Abstract Full Text
free access has multimedia has audio
JAMA. Published online October 8, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21559
  • Video: Five Big Ideas in AI and Health With JAMA+ AI Editor in Chief Roy Perlis
  • Podcast: What Lessons Does the VA’s Experience Building Electronic Health Records Hold for AI?
Medical News & Perspectives

AI in Medicine

The VA Was an Early Adopter of Artificial Intelligence to Improve Care—Here’s What They Learned

Roy Perlis, MD, MSc
Abstract Full Text
has audio
JAMA. Published online October 8, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20563

This Medical News story is an interview about the US Department of Veterans Affairs’ pioneering work in using artificial intelligence to improve patient care.

  • Podcast: What Lessons Does the VA’s Experience Building Electronic Health Records Hold for AI?
October 7, 2024
Research Letter

Testing of New Drugs Approved From 2015 Through 2021 Under the US Pediatric Research Equity Act

Ian T. T. Liu, MD, JD, MPH, MS; Thomas J. Hwang, MD; Aaron S. Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 7, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18338

This study uses public US Food and Drug Administration lists to identify new drugs approved from 2015 through 2021 to examine recent estimates of compliance with and timing of pediatric testing requirements after passage of the Pediatric Research Equity Act.

Viewpoint

COVID-19 Therapeutics for Nonhospitalized Older Adults

Pragna Patel, MD, MPH; David E. Wentworth, PhD; Demetre Daskalakis, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 7, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.16460

This Viewpoint summarizes the factors contributing to increased risk of severe outcomes and hospitalization associated with COVID-19 among older adults, stresses the importance of assessing COVID-19 risk before infection occurs, calls for all immunocompromised older adults to be considered for COVID-19 treatment, and details 3 recommended COVID-19 therapies.

Comment & Response

Evaluating Tools for Assessing Bias in a Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials on Race and RAS Blockade

Jianguo Xu, MMS; Ya Gao, PhD; Jinhui Tian, PhD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 7, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17525

Evaluating Tools for Assessing Bias in a Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials on Race and RAS Blockade—Reply

Li Shen, MBChB, PhD; Pardeep S. Jhund, MBChB, MSc, PhD; John J. V. McMurray, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 7, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17530
October 3, 2024
Original Investigation

Assessment of Antitachycardia Pacing in Primary Prevention Patients: The APPRAISE ATP Randomized Clinical Trial

Claudio Schuger, MD; Boyoung Joung, MD, PhD; Kenji Ando, MD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 3, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.16531

This randomized clinical trial assesses the role of antitachycardia pacing in terminating fast ventricular tachycardia in primary prevention patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators with contemporary programming.

Research Letter

Decline of Mpox Antibody Responses After Modified Vaccinia Ankara–Bavarian Nordic Vaccination

Ai-ris Y. Collier, MD; Katherine McMahan, MS; Catherine Jacob-Dolan, PhD; et al.
Abstract Full Text
free access
JAMA. Published online October 3, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20951

This study assesses mpox-specific immune responses for 12 months after MVA-BN vaccination.

Viewpoint

Environmental Determinants of Health—Time to Redefine the Social History?

Peter M. Rabinowitz, MD, MPH; Michele Barry, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 3, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19490

This Viewpoint discusses how increasing climate change and other environmental hazards contribute to greater adverse health effects, particularly for socially vulnerable populations, and calls for improved gathering of social and environmental history data and risk assessment in routine patient encounters.

Crossing the Equity Chasm: Addressing a Second Valley of Death in Biomedical Innovation

Victor J. Dzau, MD; Emily L. Shambaugh, MPH; Melissa H. Laitner, PhD, MPH
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 3, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20677

This Viewpoint discusses how medical innovation often does not reach vulnerable populations, a lack that results in disparities in morbidity and mortality globally.

Editorial

Shock First or Pace First to Break Ventricular Tachycardia?A New Layer of Complexity in ICD Shared Decision-Making

Amneet Sandhu, MD, MSc; Daniel Matlock, MD, MPH; Paul D. Varosy, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 3, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19416
October 2, 2024
Viewpoint

Integrating Clinical Trials and Practice

Making Pragmatic Clinical Trials More Pragmatic

Richard Platt, MD, MSc; Hayden B. Bosworth, PhD; Gregory E. Simon, MD
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 2, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19528

This Viewpoint discusses pragmatic trials and their role in developing new knowledge that can be broadly applicable throughout the health care system.

Rare Disease Innovation at the FDA—Opportunities for Implementation

Carolyn K. Shore, PhD; Tequam L. Worku, MPH; Jeffrey Kahn, PhD, MPH
Abstract Full Text
JAMA. Published online October 2, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20358

This Viewpoint discusses new pathways for researchers to seek collaboration when conducting studies on treatments for rare diseases and conditions.

Review

Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure: A Review

Jennifer E. Flythe, MD, MPH; Suzanne Watnick, MD
Abstract Full Text
has active quiz has audio
JAMA. Published online October 2, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.16338

This narrative review explores the use of maintenance hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of dialysis-dependent chronic kidney failure, including diagnosis, pathophysiology, and disease management.

  • Podcast: Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure

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Original Investigation | October 22, 2024
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